The Core Role Of Vacuum Degassing In Iso X210cr12 Steel - China

The Core Role of Vacuum Degassing in ISO X210Cr12 Steel

ISO X210Cr12 steel is a high-carbon, high-chromium (C≈2.0–2.3%, Cr≈12%) ledeburitic steel.

In the as-cast state, it is prone to segregation, contains gas, and has many inclusions; vacuum refining is key to overcoming these defects.

1 - Deep Degassing (Hydrogen Removal, Nitrogen Removal, Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement) Dehydrogenation: H content decreases from 3–5 ppm to ≤1.5–2.0 ppm, eliminating hydrogen embrittlement (hydrogen-induced cracking/white spots are most detrimental to cold heading dies).

Denitrification: N content is significantly reduced, decreasing brittle nitrides.

Deoxidation: C-O reaction under vacuum generates CO, which is then discharged; [O] ≤ 20 ppm, significantly reducing oxide inclusions.

2 - Ultra-Pure Steel (Reduced S/P, Controlled Inclusions) Standard: S≤0.030%, P≤0.030% Vacuum Refining: S≤0.010%, P≤0.025% (Higher standard: S≤0.005%) Inclusions (Class A/B/C/D) ≤1.0 grade, fine, dispersed, without large particle clusters → Cold heading dies are less prone to chipping, fatigue cracking, and have a significantly longer service life.

3 - Uniform composition, reduced carbide segregation

Vacuum + argon blowing stirring: more uniform distribution of C, Cr, Mo, and V

Refinement, spheroidization, and reduction of banding of eutectic carbides (fishbone-like structure) → Less deformation after heat treatment, more uniform hardness, and improved toughness

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